Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Chloroform and Alcoholic Extracts of Leaves of Mimusops elengi

Sona verma¹*, Manish Mukati¹, Nadeem Shaikh², Rakesh Punasiya¹

1.Yogeshwar College of pharmacy Piplaj, Dist. Barwani Madhya Pradesh India 451551

2. Ali-Allana College of Pharmacy Akkalkuwa, Dist. Nandurbar Maharashtra India 425415

*Correspondence: vermasona2015@gmail.com

DOI: https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2026.5107

INTRODUCTION

Peptic ulcer disease remains a major gastrointestinal disorder affecting a large population worldwide. It is characterized by mucosal damage occurring in the stomach or duodenum due to excessive secretion of gastric acid and pepsin, oxidative stress, Helicobacter pylori infection, stress, alcohol consumption and prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The pathogenesis of ulcer involves an imbalance between aggressive factors and protective mechanisms of the gastric mucosa. [1-6]

Currently available anti-ulcer drugs such as proton pump inhibitors, H₂-receptor blockers and antacids provide symptomatic relief but are associated with adverse effects such as tolerance, rebound acidity and relapse. Therefore, the search for safer and effective alternatives from natural sources has gained significant attention. Herbal drugs are considered safer, economical and more acceptable due to their minimal side effects. In this context, the present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of chloroform and alcoholic extracts using experimental animal models. [7]

Fig. 1 Morphology of plant

Plant Profile

Name: - Mimusops elengi

Family: - Sapataceae

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Ø  Experimental Animals

Healthy adult albino rats of either sex was selected for the study. The animals were housed under standard laboratory conditions with controlled temperature, humidity and 12-hour light–dark cycle. They were provided with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. All experimental procedures were carried out as per institutional ethical guidelines. [8,9]

Ø  Preparation of Extracts

The plant material was dried under shade, powdered and subjected to extraction using chloroform and alcohol as solvents. The extracts were filtered, concentrated under reduced pressure and stored in airtight containers for further use. [10]

Ø  Acute Toxicity Studies

Acute oral toxicity studies were performed to determine the safe dose of extracts. Based on toxicity results, suitable doses were selected for anti-ulcer evaluation. [11]

Ø  Experimental Design

Animals were divided into different groups including control, standard and test groups. The control group received vehicle only, the standard group received a known anti-ulcer drug, while the test groups received chloroform and alcoholic extracts at selected doses. [12]

Ø  Induction of Gastric Ulcer

Gastric ulcers were induced using standard ulcerogenic methods described in the thesis. After ulcer induction, animals were sacrificed and stomachs were removed for macroscopic examination. [13]

Ø  Evaluation Parameters

Ulcer index

Number and severity of gastric lesions

Percentage inhibition of ulcer formation [14]

Table 1. List of materials used

Table 2. Extractive values of different solvents for leaves of Mimusops elengi

Animals: - Albino Rats (200-250g) (72 No.)

At:- GRY Institute of Pharmacy, Borawan, Madhya Pradesh

CPCSEA registration Number: 1151/PO/Re/S/2008/CPCSEA

Models Used in Evaluations of antiulcer activity: Pylorus-ligated model

spiring induced model [15]

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The results of the study demonstrated that animals treated with chloroform and alcoholic extracts showed a marked reduction in gastric lesions compared to the control group. The ulcer index was significantly reduced in extract-treated groups. The alcoholic extract showed higher percentage inhibition of ulcer formation compared to the chloroform extract. The standard drug produced maximum protection, confirming the validity of the experimental model.

The significant reduction in ulcer index observed in extract-treated groups indicates a protective effect on the gastric mucosa. The anti-ulcer activity may be attributed to enhancement of mucosal defense mechanisms, reduction in gastric acid secretion and antioxidant properties of phytoconstituents present in the extracts. The superior activity of the alcoholic extract may be due to better solubility and higher concentration of active compounds. These findings are consistent with earlier reports highlighting the efficacy of alcoholic extracts in ulcer management.

Table. No 3. Result of chloroform and alcoholic extract of Mimusops elengi on gastric secretion, acidity, pH, ulcer index and percentage of ulcer inhibition of pylorus ligated test.

Table. No 4 Effect of chloroform and alcoholic extract Mimusops elengi aspirin induced ulcer

Fig. 2 Effect of M.E extract on Ulcer Index

Fig. 3 Effects of M.E extract on % Gastric inhibition

CONCLUSION

The present study concludes that both chloroform and alcoholic extracts exhibit significant anti-ulcer activity in experimental animal models. Among the two, the alcoholic extract showed superior gastroprotective effect. The findings provide scientific validation for the traditional use of herbal remedies in ulcer treatment. Future studies should focus on isolation of active constituents, mechanism of action and clinical evaluation to establish therapeutic potential.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

This manuscript is original and free from plagiarism. The authors agree that the article may be checked using Turnitin plagiarism detection software.

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