ABSTRACT:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder and the leading cause of dementia globally. It is marked by a gradual decline in memory, cognitive function, and behavior. The disease is associated with several key pathological changes, including the buildup of amyloid-beta plaques, formation of neurofibrillary tangles due to abnormal tau proteins, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, and ongoing loss of neurons. These changes eventually lead to brain shrinkage and significant impairment in mental abilities. Currently, there is no cure for Alzheimer’s disease. The existing treatments mainly focus on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and improving patient’s quality of life. Common medications include cholinesterase inhibitors and NMDA receptor antagonists such as Donepezil and Memantine. Alongside drug therapy, non-pharmacological approaches such as cognitive stimulation, behavioral interventions, lifestyle changes, and caregiver support are essential components of effective disease management. This overview outlines current treatment strategies and discusses promising advances in Alzheimer’s research.