ABSTRACT:
Nanosponges are an emerging nanotechnology-based drug delivery system designed to enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. These porous, cross-linked polymeric structures possess unique physicochemical properties that enable efficient drug encapsulation, controlled release, and targeted delivery. Nanosponges can be administered through various routes, including oral, topical, parenteral, and inhalation pathways, making them versatile carriers in pharmaceutical applications. They improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects and dosing frequency. Various preparation methods such as emulsion solvent diffusion, solvent evaporation, and hyper-crosslinking are employed to develop nanosponges with desired characteristics. Additionally, they demonstrate potential in antiviral therapy, cancer treatment, protein delivery, and enzyme immobilization. Despite advantages like biocompatibility and stability, limitations such as limited drug loading capacity and risk of dose dumping remain challenges. Overall, nanosponges represent a promising platform for advanced drug delivery systems.