Books
● Coakley, G., & Harris, N. L. (2020). Interactions
between macrophages and helminths. Parasite Immunology, 42(7).
https://doi.org/10.1111/pim.12717
● Dalena, F., Senatore, A., Marino, A., Gordano, A.,
Basile, M., & Basile, A. (2018). Methanol Production and Applications: An Overview. In
Elsevier eBooks (pp. 3–28).
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63903-5.00001-7
● De Lima Corvino, D. F. (2023). Ascariasis. StatPearls -
NCBI Bookshelf.Danladi, S., Azemin, A.,
Sanni, N. Y., & Mohd, K. (2015, October).
Phytochemical screening, total phenolic and total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of
different parts of Melastoma malabathricum.
● Dua, A., & Malik, K. (2022). Albendazole -
StatPearls - NCBI bookshelf. National Center for
Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK553082/
Goering, R. V., Dockrell, H. M., Zuckerman, M., Roit, I.
M., & Chiodini, P. L. (2018). Mims' medical
microbiology and immunology, international (5th ed.).
Elsevier Health Science. Section 4, Page
288.
● Li-An B., Charles C. (2022). Comprehensive
Pharmacology,
sciencedirect.com/topics/pharmacology-toxicology-and-pharmaceutical-science/triterpenoid
● Mohammed, E., Rosado A., (2019) Phytochemical, Anti-diabetic
and Cardiovascular Properties of
Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae): A Review, Mini-Reviews in
Medicinal Chemistry; 19(1)
https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557518666180924121528
● Holden-dye, L., & Walker, R. J. (2018).
Anthelmintic drugs and nematicides: Studies
inCaenorhabditis elegans - WormBook - NCBI bookshelf.
National Center for Biotechnology
Information. Retrieved From:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK116072/
● Teo, A. (2021). Why is Deworming Important National
Nutrition Council.
https://www.nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-xi-davao-region/5718
-why-is-deworming important Tiwari, M., Barooah, M. S., & Bhuyan, D.
(2023). Phytochemical and
bioactive potentialities of Melastoma malabathricum. In
Elsevier eBooks (pp. 601–615).
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-19143-5.00024-4 16
Journals
● Ajaiyeoba EO, Onocha PA, Olarenwaju OT (2001) In vitro
anthelmintic properties of Buchholzia
coriaceae and Gynandropsis gynandra extracts. Pharm Biol
39: 217-220 doi:
10.1076/phbi.39.3.217.5936
https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934
/agrfood.2019.3.568?viewType=HTML
● Alavi, S. E., & Shahmabadi, H. E. (2021).
Anthelmintics for drug repurposing:Opportunities and
challenges. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 29(5), 434–445.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2021.04.004
● Alemu Y, Degefa T, Bajiro M, Teshome G (2022)
Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted
helminths infection among individuals in model and non-model
households, South West Ethiopia: A
comparative cross-sectional community based study. PLOS
ONE 17(10): e0276137.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276137
● Ali, S. A., Niaz, S., Aguilar-Marcelino, L., Ali, W.,
Ali, M., Khan, A., Amir, S.Nasreen, Alanazi, A. D.,
Cossío-Bayúgar, R., & Amaro-Estrada, I. (2020).
Prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides in
contaminated faecal samples of children residing in urban
areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Scientific
Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78743-y
Chai, J., Jung, B., & Song, H. (2021). Albendazole
and Mebendazole as Anti-Parasitic and AntiCancer
Agents: an Update. Korean Journal of Parasitology
(Print), 59(3), 189–225.
https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.189
● Delos Trinos JPCR, Wulandari LPL, Clarke N, Belizario V
Jr, Kaldor J, Nery SV. (2021)
Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections,
schistosomiasis, and lymphatic filariasis
before and after preventive chemotherapy initiation in
the Philippines: A systematic review and
meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Dec
20;15(12):e0010026. doi:
10.1371/journal.pntd.0010026. PMID: 34928944; PMCID:
PMC8722724.
● Elmido, C., D. Balangcod, K., & D. Balongcod, T.
(2019). Inhibition of pseudomonas aeruginosa by
the extracts of indigenous plants from the Cordillera
region, Philippines. 18(1), 41–46.
https://nopr.niscpr.res.in/bitstream/123456789
/45684/3/IJTK% 2018(1)%2041-46.pdf
● Feng, Y., Yu, K., Chen, H., Zhang, X. Y., Lu, Q., Wang,
X., Zhang, X., Yao, L., &Ruan, W. (2021).
Soil-transmitted helminths, intestinal protozoa and
Clonorchis sinensis infections in southeast
China. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06879-xGoldlewska,
K. (2023, July 21). Investigation of chemical
constituents and Antioxidant activity of biologically
active plant-derived natural products. MDPI.
https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/14/5572
● Husori, D. I., Bancin, D. Y., Asbuch, M., &
Patilaya, P. (2016). Anthelmintic Activity of Ethanolic and
Aqueous Extracts of Allium fistulosum L. Leaves on
Ascaris lumbricoides. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308408728_ 17
Anthelmintic_Activity_of_Ethanolic_and_Aqueous_Extracts_of_Allium_fistulosumL_Leaves_on_As
caris_lumbricoides
● Halim, S., Angela, T., Florenly, & Rusip, G.
(2022). A Review PharmacologicalActivities of
Melastoma malabathricum.
ResearchGate.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/365190973_A_Review_Pharmacological_
Activities_of_Melastoma_malabathricum
● Idris, M., Purnomo, A. S., Martak, F., & Fatmawati,
S. (2022). Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities
of Melastoma Malabathricum Leaves Extracts. Journal of
Hunan University Natural Sciences,
49(7), 144–153.
https://doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.7.16
● Joffry, S. M., Yob, N. J., Rofiee, M. S., Affandi, M.
M. R. M. M., Suhaili, Z., Othman, F., Akim, A.
M., Desa, M. N. M., & Zakaria, Z. (2012). Melastoma
malabathricum(L.) Smith Ethnomedicinal
Uses, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological
Properties: A Review. Evidence-based
Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012, 1–48.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/258434
● Jourdan, P. M., Lamberton, P. H. L., Fenwick, A., &
Addiss, D. G. (2017).Soil-transmitted helminth
infections. The Lancet, 391(10117), 252–265.
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31930-x
● Kavitha, V., & Kandasubramanian, B. (2020). Tannins
for wastewater treatment. SN Applied
Sciences/SN Applied Sciences, 2(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-2879-9
● Khan, M.M., Harunsani, M.H., Tan, A.L. et al. (2020).
Antibacterial activities of zinc oxide and
Mndoped zinc oxide synthesized using Melastoma
malabathricum (L.) leafextract. Bioprocess Biosyst
Eng 43, 1499–1508.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-020-02343-3
● Lestari, O. A., Palupi, N. S., Setiyono, A., Kusnandar,
F., & Yuliana, N. D. (2022).In vitro
antioxidant potential and phytochemical profiling of
Melastoma malabathricum leaf water extract.
Food Science and Technology, 42.
https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.92021
● Lorenzo, P. J., Manzanilla, D. R., Cortel, D. K., &
Tangog, E. (2019). Community perceptions of
mass drug administration for soil-transmitted
helminthiasis And schistosomiasis in selected schools
in the Philippines. Infectious Diseases of Poverty, 8(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-019-0595-8
● Mancera, J. P., & Javier, L. D. (2021).
Anti-infective resources among the Philippine
Melastomataceae: A scoping review of field studies with
an Integrated evolutionary and
ethnobiological approach. Journal of Health Research,
25(1), 66–
92.https://pjhrd.upm.edu.ph/index.php/main/article/view/401
JOURNAL
● M.N. Diris, A.M. Basri, F. Metali, N. Ahmad and H.
Taha, (2017). Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial
Activities of Melastoma malabathricum and Melastoma
Beccarianum Leaf Crude Extracts.
Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 11: 35-41.
● Nasasira, M., Montero, G. D., & Valladares, M. B.
(2018,). Anthelmintic activity of crude saponins
and tannins isolated from Tetradenia riparia leaf
extracts. Nasasira | Revista Cubana De Plantas
18 Medicinales.
https://revplantasmedicinales.sld.cu/index.php/pla/article/
view/539/353#:~:text=Saponins%20and%20tannins%20displayed%20anthelmintic,anthelmintic%2
0effect%20of%20the%20planet.
● Nery, S. V., Qi, J., Llewellyn, S., Clarke, N. E.,
Traub, R. J., Gray, D. J., Vallely, A., Williams, G. M.,
Andrews, R. M., McCarthy, J. S., & Clements, A. C. A.
(2018). Use of quantitative PCR to assess
the efficacy of albendazole against Necator americanus
and Ascaris spp. in Manufahi District,
Timor-Leste. Parasites & Vectors, 11(1).
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-2838-0
● Ngwese, M. M., Manouana, G. P., & Ramharter, M.
(2020). Diagnostic techniques of soiltransmitted
helminths: Impact on control measures. MDPI.
https://www.mdpi.com/2414-
6366/5/2/93 helminthiases in the Philippines: the story
continues. Infectious Diseases of Poverty,
10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-021-00870-z
● Muliyil, J., Sarkar, R., Kang, G., & Walson, J. L.
(2021). Epidemiology of soil transmitted helminths
and risk analysis of hookworm infections in the
community:Results from the DeWorm3 Trial in
southern India. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 15(4),
e0009338.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009338
● Omar, S. N. C., Abdullah, J. O., Khairoji, K. A., Chin,
S. C., & Hamid, M. (2013) Effects of Flower
and Fruit Extracts ofMelastoma malabathricumLinn. on
Growth of Pathogenic Bacteria:Listeria
monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia
coli,andSalmonella typhimurium. Evidencebased
Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/459089
● Panda, S. K., Padhi, L., Leyssen, P., Liu, M., Neyts,
J., & Luyten, W. (2017).Antimicrobial,
Anthelmintic, and Antiviral Activity of Plants
Traditionally Used for Treating Infectious Disease in
the Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha, India. Frontiers
in Pharmacology, 8.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00658
● Parbuntari, H., Prestica, Y., Gunawan, R., Nurman, M.,
Adella, F., & Padang, N. (2018).
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening (Qualitative
Analysis) of Cacao Leaves (Theobroma Cacao
L.). https://doi.org/10.24036/eksakta/vol19-iss02/142
● Pizzi, A. (2019). Tannins: Perspectives and actual
Industrial applications. Biomolecules, 9(8), 344.
https://doi.org/10.3390/biom9080344
● Ugbogu, O. (2016). Phytochemical Screening and
Antimicrobial Activities of Leaf Extracts of
Swietenia macrophylla. ChemSearch Journal. 7.
64-69.10.4314/csj.v7i2.11.
● Pon, V. A. B., Dongmin L.,in Complementary and
Alternative Therapies and the Aging
Population,(2009).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/flavonoid.
● Sillanpää, M., Engström, M. T., Tähtinen, P., Green,
R., Käpylä, J., Näreaho, A., & Karonen, M.
(2023). Tannins Can Have Direct Interactions with
Anthelmintics: Investigations by Isothermal
Titration Calorimetry. Molecules (Basel. Online), 28(13),
5261.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135261
● Suleiman, D., Idris, A. M., & Ibrahim, U. A.
(2018). Review of Pharmacognostic Features,
Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Actions of
Melastoma malabathricum LINN
(Melastomaceae). Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical and
Applied Science Research, 7(2), 7–18.
● Suteky, T., & Dwatmadji. (2019). The Use of
Melastoma malabatricum and Manihot esculenta
extract as natural anthelmintic on the Performance of
Kacang Goat. IOPConference Series, 347,
012015.https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/347/1/012015
● Wang, Z., Ren, Y., Wu, M., Yang, Y., Fan, Y., Piao, X.,
Ge, Y., & Wang, S. (2021). A review of the
traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological
activitiesof the Melastoma genus. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 264, 113322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113322
● Wetzel, W. C., & Whitehead, S. R. (2019). The many
dimensions of phytochemicaldiversity: linking
theory to practice. Ecology Letters, 23(1), 16–32.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13422
● Zaini, W. F. Z. W. (2017). Anthelmintic Activity Of
Melastoma Malabathricum Linn Leaves And
Nigella Sativa Linn Seeds Extract. Journal of Engineering
and Health Sciences, 1(1), 41–
56.https://admission.kuim.edu.my/index.php/JEHS/article/download
● Ugbogu, O. (2016). Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial
Activities of Leaf Extracts of
Swietenia macrophylla. ChemSearch Journal. 7. 64-69.
10.4314/csj.v7i2.11
● Zainulddin, W. N. W., Zabidi, Z., Kamisan, F. H.,
Yahya, F., Ismail, N. A.,Din, N. S. S., Mamat, S.
S., Hassan, H., Mohtarrudin, N., & Zakaria, Z. A.
(2016). Anti-ulcer activity of the aqueous extract
of Melastoma malabathricum L. leaf in rats. Pakistan
Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29(1),
35+.https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A448441697/AONE?u=anon~17586ceb&sid=googleScholar&xi
d=e4e889d0\ Electronic Websites
● Albendazole. (2021). DrugBank Online | Database for
Drug and Drug Target Info.
https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00518
● Australian Society for Parasitology (2024). PARA-SITE.
.https://parasite.org.au/parasite/contents/helminth-intoduction.html
● ClevelandClinic. (2021). Ascariasis.
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14071-ascariasis
● Soil-transmitted helminth infections. (2023).
Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections.Retrieved from:
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections
20
● WHO, (2023) Helminthiasis Regional Office for Africa.
Regional Office for Africa.
https://www.afro.who.int/health-topics/helminthiasi
Websites
● CDC (2022). Soil Transmitted Helminths.
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/sth/index.html#:~:text=Soil-transmitted%20
helminths%20reference%20to,Ancylostoma%20duodenale%20and%20Necator%20americanus)
● Guy, K. (2011). "Ascaris lumbricoides" Animal
Diversity Web
https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ascaris_lumbricoides/
● Melastoma malabathricum (Banks melastoma). (2022). CABI
Compendium, CABI Compendium.
https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.33489
● YourGenome (2021). What are helminths?· Science
Website.
https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-are-helminths