ABSTRACT:
In 1990, the first lipid nanoparticle was synthesized in the lab, and the first cosmetic product composed of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) named Nanorepair Q10TM was launched in the market in 2005. Lipid nanoparticles were developed to overcome the challenges posed by alternative traditional carriers, such as polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and niosomes. In their current state of development, lipid nanoparticles find applications in the cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. Both SLN and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC) contain lipids and surfactants, enabling them to efficiently carry lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs in the matrix. These nanocarriers have the potential to enhance solubility, permeability, bioavailability, and provide an extended-release effect in the body, all with low toxicity and targeted delivery. This makes them particularly suitable for delivering drugs like peptides/proteins and in gene therapy. The questions regarding large-scale production, lower production costs, and the regulatory status of excipients are discussed below. Due to their remarkable properties, nanocarriers can be delivered through various routes, including oral, intravenous/parenteral, dermal, mucosal, pulmonary, and even ocular routes. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers as efficient drug delivery systems. It thoroughly explores their production methods, physicochemical characterization, administration routes, and diverse applications.
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