International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Allied Science

ISSN: 2583-6544   |  Issues per year: Monthly  |   Indexed In: Google Scholar, CORE, ScienceOpen, Researchgate

ISSN:2583-6544

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Antipsychotic Medications and Patient Safety: A Systematic Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Across Drug Classes

Author(s): Fadilullahi Opeyemi Ibiyemi11, Anthony Godswill Imolele22, Sulyman Rasheedat23, Lawal Fatimah Ayomide24, Ismail Kolawole Odetayo35

Email(s): 1ibiyemi.ademola97@gmail.com

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    11. Department of Chemistry & Industrial Chemistry, Osun State Water Regulatory Commission, Ministry of Water Resources, Osun State, Nigeria 2. Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, 310104, Edo, Nigeria
    2Department of Chemistry University of Lagos, Nigeria
    Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria 3. Department of Biochemistry & Industrial Chemistry Fountain University, P.M.B. 4491 Osogbo Osun State, Nigeria

Published In:   Volume - 4,      Issue - 10,     Year - 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41005  

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ABSTRACT:
Antipsychotic medications are vital for managing psychotic disorders but are often limited by adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that reduce adherence and quality of life. This review analyzes ADRs across first-, second-, and third-generation antipsychotics, focusing on neurological, metabolic, cardiovascular, hematological, and hepatic effects. First-generation agents cause extrapyramidal symptoms due to strong D2 receptor antagonism, while second-generation drugs improve motor tolerance through D2 and 5-HT2A blockade but increase risks of weight gain, diabetes, and cardiovascular issues. Third-generation agents act as dopamine system stabilizers via partial D2 agonism, offering potential advantages requiring further validation. Major adverse effects include metabolic syndrome, QT prolongation, sudden cardiac death, clozapine-related agranulocytosis, and hepatotoxicity. With non-adherence rates exceeding 50%, individualized therapy, regular monitoring, and patient education are crucial to ensure both safety and psychiatric stability.

Keywords:

Cite this article:
Fadilullahi Opeyemi Ibiyemi, Anthony Godswill Imolele, Sulyman Rasheedat, Lawal Fatimah Ayomide, Ismail Kolawole Odetayo. Antipsychotic Medications and Patient Safety: A Systematic Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions Across Drug Classes. IJRPAS, October 2025; 4(10): 65-84.DOI: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.71431/IJRPAS.2025.41005


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